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Copernicus was Emmett Brown's dog in 1955 named for famed scientist Nicholas Copernicus. Sometime between 1955 and 1985, (Most likely by or before 1970) Copernicus died and was replaced by Doc's new companion Einstein, continuing with the theme of pets named after famous scientists.
Copernicus, like Einstein later, was usually Doc's guinea pig in his experiments. He had been with Doc on the night of November 5, 1955 when Doc began testing his brain-wave analyzer on him.
Copernicus found Doc's tombstone in Boot Hill Cemetery the night that Doc and Marty McFly found the DeLorean time machine in the Delgado Mine.
Copernicus appears to be either a mixed-breed or a breed of terrier.
While Copernicus was never addressed by name in Part I, his name was mentioned in the novelization. It wasn't untill Part III that his name was actually spoken and confirmed as Copernicus.
Behind the scenes
Similarly to Einstein, in Part III , Copernicus was potrayed by a different dog than the one that was used in Part I.
